why was a mosque built on the temple mount

Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in Mount Moriah, where [the LORD] appeared unto David his father; for which provision had been made in the Place of David, in the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. The mosque was built on top of the Temple Mount, known as the Al Aqsa Compound or Haram esh-Sharif in Islam. For those who are visibly Jewish, they have no choice, but to follow a peripheral route[282] as it has become unofficially part of the status quo on the Mount. [100] The Bible narrates how David united the twelve Israelite tribes, conquered Jerusalem and brought the Israelites' central artifact, the Ark of the Covenant, into the city. The plaza includes the location regarded as where the Islamic prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven,[21] and served as the first "qibla", the direction Muslims turn towards when praying. A September 2000 visit to the Temple Mount by the Israeli politician Ariel Sharon was interpreted by Palestinians as a provocative assertion of Israel's sovereignty, and helped spark the second. 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"[203] The occasion is assumed to have been Tisha b'Av, since decades later Jerome related that that was the only day on which Jews were permitted to enter Jerusalem. Between 1922 and 1924, the Dome of the Rock was restored by the Islamic Higher Council. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. [191] The Royal Stoa served as a center for the city's commercial and legal transactions, and was provided with separate access to the city below via the Robinson's Arch overpass. But according to Jewish tradition, Mount Moriah, now under the Dome of the. This artificial expansion resulted in a large flat expanse which today forms the eastern section of the Old City of Jerusalem. It begins with the pronouncement of blessing on the humble righteous who will inherit the new state of affairs which God will inaugurate within a generation (5:3-12; cf. In 2 Chronicles, Solomon's Temple was constructed on Mount Moriah (3:1), and Manasseh's atonement for his sins is associated with the Mountain of the House of the Lord (33:15). After capturing the old city of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount in the Six-Day War in June 1967, Israel left the administration of the Temple Mount under Muslim control while maintaining its military control. The Mamluk-period substructures and over-ground buildings are thus covering much of the Herodian western wall of the Temple Mount. "The city of Jerusalem was chosen at the command of Allah by Prophet David in the tenth century BCE. [154][140] According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the phrase was originally understood as a reference to a site in the heavens. Technically, you're correct in referring to it as "the mosque", because the other structure on the Temple Mount - the Dome of the Rock - is an Islamic shrine, not a mosque. The Israeli police had never entered al-Aqsa Mosque until November 5, 2014, when dialog with the leaders of the Waqf and the rioters failed. [237], On the occasion of an upsurge in Palestinian knifing attacks on Israelis, associated with fears that Israel was changing the status quo on the Mount, the Haredi newspaper Mishpacha ran a notification in Arabic asking 'their cousins', Palestinians, to stop trying to murder members of their congregation, since they were vehemently opposed to ascending the Mount and consider such visits proscribed by Jewish law. [300][301] The same year the Waqf began construction of a new mosque in the structures known since Crusader times as Solomon's Stables. It is located above the Western Wall, part of an . In the eastern wall is the Golden Gate, through which legend states the Jewish Messiah would enter Jerusalem. [261] Palestinian residents of Jerusalem, which because of Israel's annexation of Jerusalem, hold Israeli permanent residency cards, and Israeli Arabs, are permitted unrestricted access to the Temple Mount. [30], The name of the site is disputed, primarily between Muslims and Jews, in the context of the ongoing IsraeliPalestinian conflict. Solomon placed the Ark in the Holy of Holies the windowless innermost sanctuary and most sacred area of the temple in which God's presence rested;[109] entry into the Holy of Holies was heavily restricted, and only the High Priest of Israel entered the sanctuary once per year on Yom Kippur, carrying the blood of a sacrificial lamb and burning incense. For the congregational mosque located on the site (al-Jami' al-Aqsa), see, Persian, Hellenistic and Hasmonean periods, Jewish attitudes towards entering the site, Jewish religious law concerning entry to the site, Opinions of contemporary rabbis concerning entry to the site. Umayyah Abdul Malik ibn Marwan also constructed the adjacent smaller Dome of the Chain to mark the central spot of the Al Aqsa sanctuary. [8] [9] [a] According to Jewish tradition and scripture, [11] the First Temple was built by King Solomon, the son of King David, in 957 BCE, and was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire, together with Jerusalem, in 587 BCE. Temple of Jerusalem, either of two temples that were the centre of worship and national identity in ancient Israel. The surface of the Temple Mount would remain in a state of destruction until the Muslim invasions in the seventh century. After he departed this world, it was destroyed by the Romans in the year 70 CE." [109] According to the Bible, the site functioned as the center of all national life a governmental, judicial and religious center. [174][175] Ritmeyer identifies specific courses of visible ashlars located on to the northern and south of the Golden Gate as Judean Iron Age in style, dating them to the construction of this wall by Hezekiah. ", Kadi Mejir-ed-din, Ebil-yemen Abd-er-Rahman, El-Alemi, "Chapitre vingtime. It is the third most holy site in Islam. [312], In July 2007 the Muslim religious trust which administers the Mount began digging a 400-metre-long (1,300ft), 1.5-metre-deep (4.9ft) trench[313] from the northern side of the Temple Mount compound to the Dome of the Rock[314] in order to replace 40-year-old[315] electric cables in the area. Jewish codifiers accepted the opinion of Maimonides who ruled that the holiness of the Temple sanctified the site for eternity and consequently the restrictions on entry to the site are still currently in force. Do most Muslims agree? [91][92] In October 2017, Israel and the United States announced they would withdraw from UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias. Al-Aqsa Mosque is the world's third-holiest site for Muslims. [208] The date of the mosaic is disputed: Zachi Dvira considers that they are from the pre-Islamic Byzantine period, while Baruch, Reich and Sandhaus favor a much later Umayyad origin on account of their similarity to a known Umayyad mosaic.[208]. [citation needed], In Christian art, the circumcision of Jesus was conventionally depicted as taking place at the Temple, even though European artists until recently had no way of knowing what the Temple looked like and the Gospels do not state that the event took place at the Temple.[131]. This is a profoundly sacred area to Christians, Jews, and Muslims. [234], On 8 October 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed and over 100 others injured by Israeli Border Police during protests that were triggered by the announcement of the Temple Mount Faithful, a group of religious Jews, that they were going to lay the cornerstone of the Third Temple. [237] In December 1997, Israeli security services preempted an attempt by Jewish extremists to throw a pig's head wrapped in the pages of the Quran into the area, in order to spark a riot and embarrass the government. There are no contemporary records, but many traditions, about the origin of the main Islamic buildings on the mount. This stunning temple has a storied past, that initially functioned as a Christian church for several centuries until . Le. Dome of the Rock (Courtesy: Getty Images) Al-Aqsa ("The Farthest") Mosque This is the smaller, lead-covered dome located south of the Dome of the Rock, believed to have been completed in the eighth century. The Al Aqsa Mosque is Islam's third holiest site. It appears that Radbaz also entered the Mount and advised others how to do this. The Temple Mount is believed by Jews to be the site of two biblical temples. There are several cisterns beneath the lower platform, designed to collect rain water as a water supply. All visitors are able to tour the compound and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, with the exception of the Dome of the Rock. sect. Several stairways rise to the upper platform from the lower; that at the northwest corner is believed by some archaeologists be part of a much wider monumental staircase, mostly hidden or destroyed, and dating from the Second Temple era. ), Davidson, Linda Kay and David Martin Gitlitz, Andreas J. Kstenberger, 'The Destruction of the Second Temple and the Composition of the Fourth Gospel ,' in John Lierman (ed. [78] In around 19 BCE, Herod the Great extended the Mount's natural plateau by enclosing the area with four massive retaining walls and filling the voids. Some scholars, such as Kenyon and Ritmeyer, argued that the walls of the First Temple compound extended eastward as far as the Eastern Wall. These resulted in the Dome of the Rock being built over the ancient temple site and the Al-Aqsa Mosque being built on the south end of the Temple Mount. In the process of investigating Cistern 10, Warren discovered tunnels that lay under the Triple Gate passageway. Rising above the Kidron Valley to the east and Tyropoeon Valley to the west,[77] its peak reaches a height of 740m (2,428ft) above sea level. The third most important Islamic shrine in the world, Al Aqsa Mosque has prayer capacity for 5,000, covers 42,000 square yards, and is by far the largest mosque in Jerusalem. The mosque sits inside a 35-acre site known by Muslims as Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary, and by Jews as the. [68] Usage of the name Haram al-Sharif by local Palestinians has waned in recent decades, in favor of the traditional name of Al-Aqsa Mosque. Built in the seventh century, it actually was only covered in gold in 1962. [238][239][240] On 29 September, the Israeli government deployed 2,000 riot police to the mosque. In October 1986, an agreement between the Temple Mount Faithful, the Supreme Muslim Council and police, which would allow short visits in small groups, was exercised once and never repeated, after 2,000 Muslims armed with stones and bottles attacked the group and stoned worshipers at the Western Wall. Shatzman, I. The Temple Institute wants to disassemble the Dome of the Rock and the Muslim mosques . [227][228][229], On 15 January 1988, during the First Intifada, Israeli troops fired rubber bullets and tear gas at protesters outside the mosque, wounding 40 worshipers. A 2013 Knesset committee hearing considered allowing Jews to pray at the site, amidst heated debate. A monumental street, today referred to as the "Stepped Street," and took pilgrims from the city's southern gate via the Tyropoeon Valley to the western side of the Temple Mount. [302], Israeli organizations such as the Committee to Prevent the Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount argue that Palestinians are deliberately removing significant amounts of archaeological evidence about the Jewish past of the site and claim to have found significant artifacts in the fill removed by bulldozers and trucks from the Temple Mount. The Knights Templar, who believed the Dome of the Rock was the site of the Solomon's Temple, gave it the name "Templum Domini" and set up their headquarters in al-Aqsa Mosque adjacent to the Dome for much of the 12th century. Modern scholarship tends to regard them as distinct (see Moriah). This is part of the religious freedom of worship, it is part of the freedom of expression. Translated by P. Amde Jaubert. The Western Wall was to remain the Jewish place of prayer. Also in the western face, hidden by later construction but visible via the recent Western Wall Tunnels, and only rediscovered by Warren, is Warren's Gate; the function of these western gates is obscure, but many Jews view Warren's Gate as particularly holy, due to its location due west of the Dome of the Rock. Despite the currently narrow entrances, this cistern (17 and 16 are the same cistern) is a large vaulted chamber, which Warren described as looking like the inside of the cathedral at, Bab al-Jana'iz/al-Buraq (Gate of the Funerals/of al-Buraq); eastern wall; a hardly noticeable. The 37-acre trapezium-shaped platform rises 2,400 feet above ground. Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; Haifa; Eilat; North District; Center District; Jerusalem District; South District; Where To Stay. The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam. [204], During his excavations in the 1930s, Robert Hamilton uncovered portions of a multicolor mosaic floor with geometric patterns inside al-Aqsa mosque, but did not publish them. ", Some scholars point to the political motives of the Umayyad dynasty which led to the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam. The complex is bordered on the south and east by the outer walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. This procedure ended when the Second Intifada erupted. [19] For Sunni and Shia Muslims alike, it ranks as the third holiest site in Islam. Description de la mosque Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixime sicle de l'Hgire, au seizime aprs J. 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During Temple times, entry to the Mount was limited by a complex set of purity laws. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the Holy of Holies stood, since, according to rabbinical law, there is still some aspect of the divine presence at the site. The platform itself is separated from the rest of the Old City by the Tyropoeon Valley, though this once deep valley is now largely hidden beneath later deposits, and is imperceptible in places. (Siddiqi, Dr. Muzammil. Arab-Israeli MPs were ejected for disrupting the hearing, after shouting at the chairman, calling her a "pyromaniac". The ambitious project, which involved the employment of 10,000 workers,[189] more than doubled the size of the Temple Mount to approximately 36 acres (150,000m2). ), discovered a series of tunnels near the Temple Mount. (Khalidi, Rashid. The First Temple was destroyed in 587/586 BCE by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under the second Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar II, who subsequently exiled the Judeans to Babylon following the fall of the Kingdom of Judah and its annexation as a Babylonian province. Occupied East Jerusalem - Israeli Jewish activist Raphael Morris has a lot to do before his unauthorised visit to pray at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in occupied East Jerusalem.. Warren's Gate and the Golden Gate simply head towards the centre of the Mount, fairly quickly giving access to the surface by steps. [194] Massive stone collapses from the upper walls were discovered laying over the Herodian street that runs along the southern part of the Western Wall,[195] with some of the stones burned at temperatures reaching 800C (1472F). [284], The large courtyard (sahn)[20] can host more than 400,000 worshippers, making it one of the largest mosques in the world. [155][160] The construction of the Dome of the Rock was interpreted by Ya'qubi, a 9th-century Abbasid historian, as an Umayyad attempt to redirect the Hajj from Mecca to Jerusalem by creating a rival to the Ka'aba. After him his son, the Prophet Solomon built a mosque in Jerusalem according to the revelation that he received from Allah. A Jordanian team of engineers recommended replacing or resetting most of the stones in the affected area. When the Roman Army arrived in Jerusalem, Pompey ordered the moat defending the Temple Mount from the north to be filled in. The plaza is dominated by two monumental structures originally built during the Rashidun and early Umayyad caliphates after the city's capture in 661 CE:[5] the main praying hall of al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, near the center of the hill, which was completed in 692 CE, making it one of the oldest extant Islamic structures in the world. Early Islam regarded the Foundation Stone as the location of Solomon's Temple, and the first architectural initiatives on the Temple Mount sought to glorify Jerusalem by presenting Islam as a continuation of Judaism and Christianity. Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; Haifa; Eilat . [54][55] Arabic and Persian writers such as 10th century geographer Al-Maqdisi,[56] 11th century scholar Nasir Khusraw,[56] 12th century geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi[57] and 15th century Islamic scholar Mujir al-Din,[58][59] as well as 19th century American and British Orientalists Edward Robinson,[51] Guy Le Strange and Edward Henry Palmer explained that the term Masjid al-Aqsa refers to the entire esplanade plaza which is the subject of this article the entire area including the Dome of the Rock, the fountains, the gates, and the four minarets because none of these buildings existed at the time the Quran was written. After the city's conquest, the Crusading order known as the Knights Templar was granted use of Al-Aqsa Mosque to use as their headquarters. The First Temple was destroyed in 587/586 BCE by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar II. Is there a mosque on the Temple Mount? [37][38], The exact moment when the concept of the Mount as a topographical feature separate from the Temple or the city itself first came into existence is a matter of debate among scholars. [144] The term Bayt al-Maqdis (or Bayt al-Muqaddas), which frequently appears as a name of Jerusalem in early Islamic sources, is a cognate of the Hebrew term bt ha-miqdsh ( ), the Temple in Jerusalem. Just like the Dome of the Rock was built to overshadow the rotunda of the Holy Sepulcher . The Temple Mount is one of the most important sites to visit on any trip to Israel. [36][176] Some scholars believe that, in accordance with biblical accounts, the royal and religious compound on the Temple Mount was built by Solomon during the 10th century BCE as a separate entity, which was later incorporated into the city. [196] The Trumpeting Place inscription, a monumental Hebrew inscription which was thrown down by Roman legionnaires, was found in one of these stone piles. Jerusalem is a city located in modern-day Israel and is considered by many to be one of the holiest places in the world. The first Temple was there more than 1500 years before the Mosque was built, the Second Temple was built around 1000 years before and destroyed by the Romans around 700 years before the building of Al Aqsa was completed 20 C.S. [136] According to early Quranic interpreters and what is generally accepted as Islamic tradition, in 638 CE Umar, upon entering a conquered Jerusalem, consulted with Ka'ab al-Ahbar a Jewish convert to Islam who came with him from Medina as to where the best spot would be to build a mosque. But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and in truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him. On June 7, 1967, soon after Israel had taken control of the area during the Six-Day War, Prime Minister Levi Eshkol assured that "no harm whatsoever shall come to the places sacred to all religions". [65][66][67], The term "al-Aqsa" as a symbol and brand-name has become popular and prevalent in the region. [52][60][61], Al-Jmi' al-Aq refers to the specific site of the silver-domed congregational mosque building,[51][52][53] also referred to as Qibli Mosque or Qibli Chapel (al-Jami' al-Aqsa or al-Qibli, or Masjid al-Jumah or al-Mughata), in reference to its location on the southern end of the compound as a result of the Islamic qibla being moved from Jerusalem to Mecca. [220][bettersourceneeded] These rabbis include: Shlomo Goren (former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); Chaim David Halevi (former Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv and Yafo); Dov Lior (Rabbi of Kiryat Arba); Yosef Elboim; Yisrael Ariel; She'ar Yashuv Cohen (Chief Rabbi of Haifa); Yuval Sherlo (rosh yeshiva of the hesder yeshiva of Petah Tikva); Meir Kahane. 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World Explained: Why al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is a regular site of conflict between Israel and Palestine More than 170 have been injured in Israeli-Palestinian clashes around the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem since Friday. Busse, H. (1968). [266] Non-Jews were also prohibited from entering the inner court of the Temple. [180], All scholars agree that the Iron Age Temple Mount was smaller than the Herodian compound still visible today. [174]Knauf argued that the Temple Mount already served as the cultic and governmental center of Jerusalem as early as in the Late Bronze Age. [227][232] According to Palestinian historian Rashid Khalidi, investigative journalism has shown this allegation to be false. Jews and other non-Islamic visitors can only visit from Sunday to Thursday, for four hours each day. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Night Journey was associated with Jerusalem by the Umayyads as a political means to advance the glory of Jerusalem to compete with the glory of the sanctuary in Mecca then controlled by Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. If you mean the al-Aqsa mosque, it was opened in 705CE, 73 years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. An Islamic Waqf has managed the Temple Mount continuously since the Muslim reconquest of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187. [162] Based on the writings of the eighth century historians Al-Waqidi[163] and al-Azraqi, some scholars have suggested that al-Aqsa Mosque mentioned in the Qur'an is not in Jerusalem but in the village of al-Ju'ranah, 18 miles northeast of Mecca. [290] Barclay's Gate is similar, but abruptly turns south as it does so; the reason for this is currently unknown. In: A.G. Vaughn and A.E. The Al-Aqsa Mosque has sustained serious earthquake damage over the years due to its construction on dirt-fill from Herod's first century C.E. Maimonides wrote that it was only permitted to enter the site to fulfill a religious precept. Yamani writes that the confusion between the two . . One was a terrorist attack . A Lost Inscription from the Dome of the Rock? [47] According to Jan Turek and John Carman, in modern usage, the term Temple Mount can potentially imply support for Israeli control of the site.[48]. [217] The Temple Mount had a mystique because it was above what were believed to be the ruins of the Temple of Solomon. [201] One consequence was that Hadrian's Temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount was demolished immediately following the First Council of Nicea in 325 CE on orders of Constantine. Until Israel banned them, members of Murabitat, a group of women, cried 'Allah Akbar' at groups of Jewish visitors to remind them the Temple Mount was still in Muslim hands. "[33], The term Har haBayt commonly translated as "Temple Mount" in English was first used in the books of Micah (4:1) and Jeremiah (26:18) literally as "Mount of the House", a literary variation of the longer phrase "Mountain of the House of the Lord" the abbreviation was not used again in the later books of the Hebrew Bible[34] or in the New Testament. The holiest place in Judaism as the site of the two biblical temples . [68], Some scholars have used the terms Sacred Esplanade or Holy Esplanade as a "strictly neutral term" for the site.

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