Bread, of many varieties,[594] is very popular across Russia. Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [44], Led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, Novgorodians repelled the invading Swedes in the Battle of the Neva in 1240,[56] as well as the Germanic crusaders in the Battle on the Ice in 1242. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Emergency personnel work at the site where an apartment block was heavily damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Dnipro, Ukraine January 15, 2023. [111], On 30 December 1922, Lenin and his aides formed the Soviet Union, by joining the Russian SFSR into a single state with the Byelorussian, Transcaucasian, and Ukrainian republics. Available for over a year. [521] Two major Christian holidays are Easter and Trinity Sunday. [401] Trofim Lysenko was known mainly for Lysenkoism. .: , 1987. [f][211] Russia lies between latitudes 41 and 82 N, and longitudes 19 E and 169 W, extending some 9,000km (5,600mi) east to west, and 2,500 to 4,000km (1,600 to 2,500mi) north to south. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes, and by the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. [16][d] It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank high globally. [644] Russia has produced numerous prominent tennis players. The Moscow Kremlin and the Saint Basil's Cathedral are among the cultural landmarks of Russia. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. [144] Dependent communist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. [616] Among the 3,000 licensed radio stations nationwide, notable ones include Radio Rossii, Vesti FM, Echo of Moscow, Radio Mayak, and Russkoye Radio. ", "Russian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported", "Look Inside Russia's Wildest Nature ReservesNow Turning 100", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Asymmetric Federalism in Russia: Cure or Poison? WebRussian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. [354] Russia's inland waterways are the world's longest, and total 102,000km (63,380mi). [31] Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670sqmi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Fighting continues after a 36-hour Russian-proposed ceasefire which Ukraine dismissed as a cynical ploy ended overnight Saturday. Available for over a year. [51] 77% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [63], Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. [44] By the 12th century, Kiev lost its pre-eminence and Kievan Rus' had fragmented into different principalities. [citation needed], During the Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. It arose in the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great and developed from the Moscow (Middle or Central Russian) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. [citation needed], In Uzbekistan, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. In the early 15th-century, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia's most treasured religious art. "We also have to understand that it's extraordinarily threatening to Russia to have such a big military alliance that's armed to the teeth so close to the Russian border [editor's note: if NATO were to expand]." [73] In 1648, Semyon Dezhnyov became the first European to navigate through the Bering Strait. Each is nominally autonomoushome to a specific. WebRussia ( Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for many drinks. [413] In 1966, Luna9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a survivable landing on a celestial body, the Moon. [83][84] All dialects are also divided into two main chronological categories: the dialects of primary formation (the territory of the Grand Duchy of Moscow roughly consists of the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts) and secondary formation (other territories where Russian was brought by migrants from primary formation territories or adopted by the local population). A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. About 2 million years ago, representatives of Homo erectus migrated to the Taman Peninsula in southern Russia. [562], Russian literature is considered to be among the world's most influential and developed. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. An update proposed in the late 1990s has met a hostile reception, and has not been formally adopted. [61] When the seat of the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church moved to Moscow in 1325, its influence increased. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. (Ty syel pechnye? [citation needed], Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War (17001721), securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. [93] During most of the 19th and early 20th century, Russia and Britain colluded over Afghanistan and its neighboring territories in Central and South Asia; the rivalry between the two major European empires came to be known as the Great Game. [200] The NATO Parliamentary Assembly designated "the Russian state under the current regime [as] a terrorist one" and called for the establishment of "an international tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression committed by Russia with its war against Ukraine. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire. Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. [51] Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. The yers and originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced //, //. [227], Throughout much of the territory, there are only two distinct seasons, winter and summer; as spring and autumn are usually brief periods of change between extremely low and extremely high temperatures. [95] The reign of his son AlexanderIII (18811894) was less liberal but more peaceful. ", " : . ", " ", "Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain', "Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals", "Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009", "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries", "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future", : , "Window on Eurasia New Series: Percentage of Native Speakers of Russian Higher in Israel than in Most Former Soviet Republics", "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum", "Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov", "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", "Esperanto: its origins and early history", "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets", https://www.rbth.com/education/328851-dialects-russian-language/amp, "Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other? By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. [66] However, the Tsardom was weakened by the long and unsuccessful Livonian War against the coalition of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (later the united PolishLithuanian Commonwealth), the Kingdom of Sweden, and DenmarkNorway for access to the Baltic coast and sea trade. [51] 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [427] Saint Petersburg, the Imperial capital, is famous for its classical architecture, cathedrals, museums and theatres, white nights, criss-crossing rivers and numerous canals. [116] The continued internal struggle in the Bolshevik party culminated in the Great Purge. [152] Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. [516] Other patriotic holidays include Russia Day on 12 June, celebrated to commemorate Russia's declaration of sovereignty from the collapsing Soviet Union;[517] and Unity Day on 4 November, commemorating the 1612 uprising which marked the end of the Polish occupation of Moscow. [112] Eventually internal border changes and annexations during World War II created a union of 15 republics; the largest in size and population being the Russian SFSR, which dominated the union for its entire history politically, culturally, and economically. 1. During the conflict, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin. [231][234] Approximately 1,100 rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in the Russian Red Data Book. However, the peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. [385] Since 1904, Nobel Prize were awarded to 26 Soviets and Russians in physics, chemistry, medicine, economy, literature and peace. [372] It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. This article incorporates text from a free content work. WebOn This Day. [397] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. [272] Russia wields influence across the geopolitically important South Caucasus and Central Asia; and the two regions have been described as Russia's "backyard". [209] Russia is second only to Brazil by total renewable water resources. [46], By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. [455][456], Russia is a secular state by constitution, and its largest religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, chiefly represented by the Russian Orthodox Church. Wikisource has original works on the topic: . [637], Ice hockey is very popular in Russia, and the Soviet national ice hockey team dominated the sport internationally throughout its existence. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. [104] The Provisional Government proclaimed the Russian Republic in September. [citation needed], In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. Language size", " . [369] Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are the world's fourth-largest. [143] Russia is a member of the G20, the OSCE, and the APEC. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. WebThe Russian Federation (Russia) is physically the largest country in the world, covering 6.6 million square miles and 11 time zones over its 6,000-mile length. [346] In the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the country has faced revamped sanctions and corporate boycotts,[347] becoming the most sanctioned country in the world,[348] in a move described as an "all-out economic and financial war" to isolate the Russian economy from the Western financial system. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Calgary, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver, and Cleveland. 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