Back in the laboratory, they use the varied tools of their trades—including molecular genetic techniques, innovative culture methods, and chemical and isotopic analyses—to extract new knowledge from the samples they've collected.Such investigations are uncovering microbial species that make their homes in environments previously thought to be inhospitable to life; revealing new roles for microbes in fundamental Earth processes; providing insights on microorganisms that may prove useful in environmental remediation, biotechnology, and industrial processes; and yielding new clues about the coevolution of the biosphere and the geosphere.In steep, often low-ceilinged mine passages extending more than 3 kilometers below the earth's surface, where rock temperatures reach 60°C (140°F) and the air pressure is twice that at the earth's surface, Pfiffner and her colleagues collect air and water samples and drill out rock samples from the walls. “Nor can you separate biology from the environment that has shaped its development.” For those who accept the challenges of interdisciplinary research and choose to pursue studies in geomicrobiology, the opportunity to reap rewards—both intellectual and practical—appears great.Deep Subsurface Microbiology Group at Princeton University:Edwards Lab Geomicrobiology Web page at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution:The Center for Environmental Biotechnology at University of Tennessee, Knoxville:Amy Welty, a geology graduate student in Gordon Southam's lab at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, collects biofilm samples from a wall-seep in the Northam platinum mine in South Africa. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Photograph: Katrina Edwards, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,Katrina Edwards and Tom McCollom, geobiology researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, went on a series of dives in the manned submersible Alvin for their studies of bacterial weathering of minerals at hydrothermal vent regions on the sea floor along the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Her research focuses on how microbes affect the production, breakdown, and recycling of Earth's materials. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide,This PDF is available to Subscribers Only.For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.Search for other works by this author on:© 2002 American Institute of Biological Sciences,Beyond Specimens: Research, Education, and Policy,https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0326:ICGETI]2.0.CO;2,http://geoweb.princeton.edu/research/geomicrobio/,Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic,Copyright © 2020 American Institute of Biological Sciences. If you want to know more or withdraw Intimate Connections. Photographs: Courtesy of Duane Moser,Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
“It just depends on the type of application you want.” He and his colleagues have engineered a range of bacteria to produce light in response to various organic pollutants, including hydrocarbons and chlorinated aromatic compounds, and have recently started building sensor organisms that can respond to chemicals associated with food contamination and food poisoning. Their work is funded by the National Science Foundation and National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Life in Extreme Environments (LExEn) program, which supports research on the relationships between microorganisms and the extreme environments in which they exist on Earth to gain insights that may aid the search for life on other planets.“What has intrigued me about subsurface microbiology,” Onstott says, “is that what we would be learning from the deep subsurface would be directly applicable to the search for life on or beneath the surface of other planets in our solar system.” His interest in extraterrestrial life began when, as a teenager, he read Carl Sagan's.Until the late 1980s, indications of microbial life in samples from hundreds of meters or more below the earth's surface “were generally dismissed as being [due to] surface contaminants that were introduced into the environment by the drilling process” used to obtain samples, Onstott says.
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