Middle Level".
2,047 = 211 – 1 = 23 x 89, so 2,047 is a Mersenne number but not a Mersenne prime, method of exhaustion: a method of finding the area of a shape by inscribing inside it a sequence of polygons whose areas converge to the area of the containing shape (a precursor to the methods of calculus), modular arithmetic: a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers “wrap around” after they reach a certain value (the modulus), e.g.
the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5 factorial: the product of all the consecutive integers up to a given number (used to give the number of permutations of a set of objects), denoted by n!, e.g. a and h 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14, periodic function: a function that repeats its values in regular intervals or periods, such as the trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, tangent, etc, permutation: a particular ordering of a set of objects, e.g. A = πr2, Fourier series: an approximation of more complex periodic functions (such as square or saw-tooth functions) by adding together various simple trigonometric functions (e.g. * Registered trade mark of Imperial Oil Limited. a(b + c) = ab + ac, element: a member of, or an object in, a set, ellipse: a plane curve resulting from the intersection of a cone by a plane, that looks like a slightly flattened circle (a circle is a special case of an ellipse), elliptic geometry: a non-Euclidean geometry based (at its simplest) on a spherical plane, in which there are no parallel lines and the angles of a triangle sum to more than 180°, empty (null) set: a set that has no members, and therefore has zero size, usually represented by {} or ø, Euclidean geometry: “normal” geometry based on a flat plane, in which there are parallel lines and the angles of a triangle sum to 180°, expected value: the amount predicted to be gained, using the calculation for average expected payoff, which can be calculated as the integral of a random variable with respect to its probability measure (the expected value may not actually be the most probable value and may not even exist, e.g. in four spatial dimensions, a collection of ten numbers is needed at each point to describe the properties of the mathematical space or manifold, no matter how distorted it may be, term: in an algebraic expression or equation, either a single number or variable, or the product of several numbers and variables separated from another term by a + or – sign, e.g. 6 + (7 + 9) = (6 + 7) + 9 and (4 x 3) If the lines are parallel, the alternate the quadrants of the coordinate plane. 2x3 – 3y = 7; x2 + 4x; etc, binomial coefficients: the coefficients of the polynomial expansion of a binomial power of the form (x + y) n, which can be arranged geometrically according to the binomioal theorem as a symmetrical triangle of numbers known as Pascal’s Triangle, e.g. Education document "Mathematics 6-9: A Curriculum Guide for the These definitions are designed to be meaningful to middle level mathematics teachers. a geometric sequence is a set where each element is a multiple of the previous element; an arithmetic sequence is a set where each element is the previous element plus or minus a number, set: a collection of distinct objects or numbers, without regard to their order, considered as an object in its own right, significant digits: the number of digits to consider when using measuring numbers, those digits that carry meaning contributing to its precision (i.e. 2, a point, segment, ray or line that divides Note: The definitions included here are those that are used in the Saskatchewan Education document "Mathematics 6-9: A Curriculum Guide for the Middle Level". definitions included here are those that are used in the Saskatchewan Linear Fit. the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5, factorial: the product of all the consecutive integers up to a given number (used to give the number of permutations of a set of objects), denoted by n!, e.g. alternate exterior angles. Linear Combination. 37⁄100 = 0.37, deductive reasoning or logic: a type of reasoning where the truth of a conclusion necessarily follows from, or is a logical consequence of, the truth of the premises (as opposed to inductive reasoning), derivative: a measure of how a function or curve changes as its input changes, i.e. the numbers in front of the letters) in a mathematical expression or equation, e.g. Limit Test for Divergence.
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