© 2020 MJH Life Sciences and Psychiatric Times. A large portion of the population were affected by the loss of loved ones. Research. Effects of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-19 on Later Life Mortality of Norwegian Cohorts Born About 1900. When the Spanish flu first appeared in early March 1918, it had all the hallmarks of a seasonal flu, albeit a highly contagious and virulent strain. By 1919, cases had become common throughout Europe, the United States, Canada, Central America, and India. Another consequence of the cytokine storm was that it killed mostly young adults, people in their 20s and 30s who are usually at less risk from viral infections, when their healthy immune systems over-reacted. 2010;16:566-571. 2017;140: 2246-2251.
Phillips H. The Recent Wave of ‘Spanish’ Flu Historiography.Social History of Medicine. As we all try to acclimate ourselves to the rapidly changing circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, comparisons are being made between this pandemic and the so-called Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919. By 1919 and 1920, physicians and researchers in Great Britain were already reporting a marked rise in nervous symptoms and illnesses among some patients recovering from influenza infection; among other symptoms, depression, neuropathy, neurasthenia, meningitis, degenerative changes in nerve cells, and a decline in visual acuity were cited.5. Encephalitis lethargica coincided with the Spanish flu; it reached epidemic proportions alongside the Spanish flu. 2014;27:789-808. 5. The chronic phase could occur months to years later and was most commonly characterized by parkinsonian-like signs. In layman’s terms, a cytokine storm is a hyperactive immune system response which results in lung inflammation and fluid buildup that leads to respiratory distress. All rights reserved. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. Looking back at the Spanish flu epidemic as the world deals with the COVID pandemic. Starting in the mid-1990s, Jeffrey Taubenberger, MD, PhD, and his team were able to carry out a sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 1918 influenza virus genes and identified it to be an H1N1 virus of avian origin.1. Sign Up for News on Dee’s Historical Novel about the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, « 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Spanish Flu Cures. Brain. Workshop. Like all mass encounters with infectious disease, the Spanish flu pandemic had its own unique features. Some novels and popular histories appeared over the decades, but it was Alfred Crosby’s 1976 book Epidemic and Peace, 1918 (reissued in 1989 under the title America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918) that paved the way for international research about the subject.2 One of the book’s major achievements was to draw attention to the fact that the pandemic quickly disappeared as a topic of public conversation soon after it was over, ignored by periodicals and textbooks for decades.
Some 675,000 Americans died. Though many deaths were attributed to bacterial pneumonia, a secondary infection caused by influenza, researchers now believe a cytokine storm was the likely major cause of mortality. Looking at asylum hospitalizations in Norway from 1872 to 1929, Mamelund found that the number of first-time hospitalized patients with mental disorders attributed to influenza increased by an average annual factor of 7.2 in the 6 years following the pandemic.3 In addition, he pointed out that Spanish flu survivors reported sleep disturbances, depression, mental distraction, dizziness, and difficulties coping at work, and that influenza death rates in the United States during the years 1918-1920 significantly and positively related to suicide.4, Mamelund is among a number of scholars who have noted what many suspect to be a connection between the Spanish flu and a pronounced increase in neurological diseases. All told, approximately 1 million people worldwide were affected by encephalitis lethargica between its outbreak in 1916 until the early 1930s. Bristow NK. The Origin and Virulence of the 1918 ‘Spanish’ Influenza Virus, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, The Impact of Influenza on Mental Health in Norway, 1872-1929, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7276/25455394eab84386133b95cc97909017213f.pdf, Effects of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-19 on Later Life Mortality of Norwegian Cohorts Born About 1900, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5097223_Effects_of_the_Spanish_Influenza_Pandemic_of_1918-19_on_Later_Life_Mortality_of_Norwegian_Cohorts_Born_About_1900, Parkinsonism and Neurological Manifestations of Influenza Throughout the 20th and 21st Centuries, Encephalitis Lethargica: 100 Years After the Epidemic.
Exact numbers are unknown due to a lack of medical record-keeping and censorship that was occurring because of World War I. I first became interested in the 1918 flu pandemic during the 2009 swine flu outbreak. Victims coughed up blood stained mucus. 7.
Spanish flu was also more infectious than COVID-19, caused symptoms much faster and was far more deadly, Nichols said. 3.
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