March 21, 2016 March 21, 2016 The Zulu Kingdom. The ZRR is a 20,000 hectare reserve consisting of 15 individually owned farms that have lowered their fences in order to further conservation. [10], In 1883, Cetshwayo was put in place as king over a buffer reserve territory, much reduced from his original kingdom. Following this assassination, Dingane murdered Mhlangana, and took over the throne. Clans were social units determined by male lineage, while chiefdoms were collectives in which political power was vested in the dominant lineage of the strongest clan. When Senzangakona died, Dingiswayo helped Shaka become chief of the Zulu Kingdom. Dingane was unhappy with developments at Port Natal, and not only because the white population was growing. The academic Roberto Breschi notes that Zululand had a flag from 1884 to 1897 but this is pure conjecture as A.P. The site of this massacre is today called Weenen, (Dutch for "to weep"). The capital was moved from Nongoma to Ulundi in 1980. Following Dingane's rationale, Mpande figured on a second, 'stand-by' kingdom, should he lose Zululand to either the British or the Boers. To Mpande fell the difficult task of plaiting the nation back together and healing the rift between his followers and those of the recently killed Dingane. In November, about 1,000 Voortrekker wagons began descending the Drakensberg mountains from the Orange Free State into what is now KwaZulu-Natal. Dingane failed, and his humiliation was compounded by surviving half-brother Mpande's defection - along with 17 000 adherents - to the Boers. Anticipating an unwanted influx of Swazi refugees, the British pressured Mpande into withdrawing his army. Both pastoralists and rudimentary agriculturalists, Nguni wealth was measured in cattle - a tradition that continues throughout the modern Zulu Kingdom. List of Japanese inventions and discoveries, https://history.wikia.org/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom?oldid=20935. The Zulu people were thus split along ideological lines, the Dingane- Mpande conflict having 'broken the rope that holds the nation together'. Shaka's reign was never secure, and maintaining the Zulu kingdom's boundaries required further military campaigns. Dingane's advisors warned him of Boer duplicity, and on 6 February 1838 - the mutually agreed 'land treaty day' - Dingane had Boer leader Piet Retief and 101 of his followers put to death. Chiefdoms varied in size from authority over a thousand people or less, to huge paramountcies where subordinate chiefs placed themselves under the control of an 'overlord' chief. Many colonials believed that only direct British rule in Zululand would restore law and order and remove the threat to Natal. In 1909, he was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment on St Helena island. Clans driven westwards into the Drakensberg mountain range were left without livestock or the leisure to plant crops, and turned to desperate, grisly means of survival in the so-called Valley of the Cannibals. The Kingdom of Zulu (/zuːluː/, Zulu: KwaZulu), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north.[2]. However, the British pressured him into withdrawing, which he did shortly.[10]. Following the campaign against Dingane, in 1839 the Voortrekkers, under Pretorius, formed the Boer republic of Natalia, south of the Tugela, and west of the British settlement of Port Natal (now Durban). Mpande then took over rulership of the Zulu nation. The cattle-fold's central position within the homestead evinced that animal's crucial role in society. The most important reforms involved the transformation of the army, through the innovative tactics and weapons, and a showdown with the spiritual leadership, witchdoctors, effectively ensuring the subservience of the "Zulu church" to the state. Following the tradition of Nguni heirs, Zulu used part of his inherited cattle herd as dowry for marriage - to this day it remains customary for the bride's father to receive cattle as compensation for the loss of his daughter's labour within the household. KwaZulu was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a semi-independent homeland for the Zulu people.
War erupted between Dinuzulu and his rivals, leading to the nominal king's arrest, trial and conviction for 'high treason and public violence'. He and his mother, Nandi, were exiled by Senzangakona, and found refuge with the Mthethwa.Shaka fought as a warrior under Jobe, and then under Jobe's successor, Dingiswayo, leader of the Mthethwa Paramountcy.When Senzangakona died, Dingiswayo helped Shaka become chief of the Zulu Kingdom. One of his first royal acts was to execute all of his royal kin.
Vast cattle herds accompanied these population transfers, so Mpande's army - brandishing the firearms now demanded from white would-be traders in Zululand - began raiding neighbouring states. Captain Allan Gardiner's sketch of King Dingane
Dinuzulu fell into dispute with colonial authorities who responded by informing him that 'the rule of the House of Shaka is a thing of the past dead like water spilt on the ground. The Mpande-Boer alliance was however, never without mutual suspicion - the Zulu monarch foresaw a Boer land-grab, while they in turn kept vividly alive the memories of their 'Place of Weeping'. The Realm Dismantled
In December 1889 Dinuzulu was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment on St Helena Island off West Africa - in the footsteps of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte - and the House of Zulu lost its role in the guidance of its people. A Final Irony
They were granted about half of Zululand individually as farms, and formed the independent Republic of Vryheid. The Union of South Africa came into being on 31 May 1910, however, and its first Prime Minister was Boer leader and former ally of Dinuzulu - General Louis Botha. Harmony of Iron and Metal
Spurred on by a powerful aunt who believed his incessant campaigning was in fact weakening the kingdom, King Shaka's half-brothers Dingane and Mhlangana speared him to death within the royal household.
Photo: Artworks. James King's sketch of King Shaka
Mpande and Pretorius maintained peaceful relations.
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